Hearing that your doctor recommends a colposcopy can naturally bring up some questions. Fortunately, it’s a standard, low-risk procedure many patients undergo after a routine screening picks up something that needs a closer look. It’s simply a follow-up to gain more insight into your cervical health.
In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know about colposcopy: what it is, why it’s done, what to expect, and how to care for yourself afterward. We aim to help you feel more informed, reassured, and prepared.
What Is a Colposcopy?
A colposcopy is a simple, in-office procedure that allows your OBGYN to closely examine your cervix using a special magnifying tool called a colposcope. This tool stays outside the body and never goes inside; it simply provides a better view of your cervical tissue.
It’s important to know that a colposcopy is not surgery; it typically takes only 10 to 20 minutes to complete. Most patients describe the experience as similar to a routine pelvic exam, with minimal discomfort.
Colposcopy is a diagnostic tool that helps your provider gather more information. Being referred for one doesn’t necessarily indicate a serious condition. In fact, it’s often done as a precaution to understand certain changes seen during a regular screening.
Why Your Doctor Might Recommend One
Most of the time, it is suggested after a routine screening shows something that requires more attention. We understand this recommendation might cause concern, but it’s a common and low-risk test.
Here are some common reasons your doctor might suggest this test:
- Pap smear results that are not completely normal – A Pap smear checks the cells of your cervix, and if the results show something unusual, your doctor may want to examine those cells more closely.
- A positive test for human papillomavirus (HPV) – HPV is a very common virus that is spread through intimate contact. Some types of HPV can cause changes in the cervix over time, and a colposcopy helps your doctor see if there are any signs of those changes.
- Unexplained bleeding – This may refer to light bleeding between menstrual periods or after intercourse, which your doctor may want to investigate further.
- Checking on previous cell changes or treatment – If you have had abnormal cells or treatment before, your doctor may use a colposcopy to monitor your recovery.
What to Expect Before, During, and After
It is completely normal to feel a little unsure before any medical procedure if you’re unfamiliar with the procedure.
Colposcopy is a straightforward process. Knowing what to expect at each stage can help ease any nerves and make the experience more comfortable. Below, we walk you through how to prepare, what happens during the procedure, and how to care for yourself afterward.
How to Prepare
Getting ready for a colposcopy is simple and does not require any major changes to your daily routine. You can eat and drink normally beforehand.
However, your doctor will likely recommend avoiding the following for 24 to 48 hours before your appointment:
- Sexual activity – Intercourse can temporarily change the surface of the cervix, which may make it harder for your doctor to get a clear view.
- Using tampons – Tampons can cause slight irritation or leave behind fibers that might interfere with the exam.
- Douching or using vaginal medications – These can wash away or alter cells that your doctor needs to examine closely during the procedure.
Wearing loose, comfortable clothing can make getting ready for the exam easier. As light spotting is common afterward, having a sanitary pad on hand can be helpful.
Preparing a list of questions beforehand can help ease uncertainty and support a more open, informed conversation. Your doctor will take the time to address your concerns and guide you through each step of the process.
What Happens During the Procedure
A colposcopy is done in a doctor’s office and is similar to a routine Pap smear. You will lie on an exam table with your feet supported, and your doctor will gently insert a speculum to get a clear view of your cervix.
The colposcope, a magnifying instrument with a light, stays outside your body. It helps your doctor look closely at the surface of your cervix without any contact or insertion. To highlight certain areas of tissue, your doctor may apply a mild liquid solution. This may cause a light tingling or cooling feeling, but it is not usually painful.
If your doctor sees an area that looks different from the rest of your cervix, they may decide to take a small sample of tissue. This is called a biopsy. You might feel a brief pinch or cramp, though some people may feel more sensitive during this part of the exam.
Aftercare and Recovery
Following your colposcopy, it’s normal to experience light spotting or mild cramping. These symptoms typically resolve within a day or two, and most patients can resume their regular activities soon after the procedure.
However, your provider may recommend avoiding the following for a few days to allow your cervix time to heal if a biopsy was performed:
- Tampon Use: Pads are advised during this time to avoid irritating the healing tissue or introducing bacteria.
- Sexual Activity: Refraining from sexual intercourse can help minimize bleeding and protect the healing area from friction or pressure.
- High-impact Physical Activity: Limiting heavy exercise or intense movement helps reduce blood flow to the area and supports more comfortable healing.
Be sure to monitor your recovery. If you notice heavy bleeding (more than a typical menstrual period), severe pain, or signs of infection such as fever, contact your doctor promptly.
What Your Results Could Mean
After your colposcopy, your doctor will take time to review the findings and explain what they mean. These results help show whether the cells on your cervix appear healthy or if any changes need a closer look.
Here are the types of results you might receive:
- Normal – This means your cervical cells look healthy, and no follow-up is needed at this time.
- Mild cell changes – These are small changes that often go away on their own. They are commonly caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a very common virus that many people are exposed to at some point in their lives.
- More noticeable changes – In some cases, the results may show more significant changes that could require additional testing or treatment. While not immediately concerning, your doctor may recommend monitoring or further evaluation.
While it’s completely natural to feel concerned, most colposcopy results do not indicate cancer. The procedure is designed to detect and monitor any cellular changes early on, giving your care team the opportunity to act promptly and provide reassurance.
At Atlanta Obstetrics & Gynecology Specialists, we understand that waiting for results can feel stressful. Our team is here to guide you through each step with clarity and compassion. If you have questions about your results or need follow-up care, contact us today to schedule a consultation. We are here to support your health with expert care you can trust.